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ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. ASTM Grade HD Steel

Both ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and ASTM grade HD steel are iron alloys. They have 66% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HD steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 25
9.1
Fatigue Strength, MPa 190 to 230
140
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 470 to 520
590
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 310
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.8
17
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
3.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
45
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
180

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 2.7
29
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 98 to 110
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 250
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
26
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 16 to 18
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 17 to 18
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 15
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.17
0 to 0.5
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.2
26 to 30
Iron (Fe), % 97 to 98.2
58.4 to 70
Manganese (Mn), % 0.4 to 0.65
0 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.45 to 0.6
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
4.0 to 7.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.4
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.040