ASTM A387 Grade 12 Steel vs. Monel 400
ASTM A387 grade 12 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Monel 400 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 12 steel and the bottom bar is Monel 400.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 160 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 25 | |
| 20 to 40 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 190 to 230 | |
| 230 to 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 62 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 300 to 330 | |
| 370 to 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 470 to 520 | |
| 540 to 780 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 310 | |
| 210 to 590 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 1000 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1350 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1300 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 430 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 23 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 14 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 3.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 3.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.8 | |
| 50 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 250 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 98 to 110 | |
| 140 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 250 | |
| 140 to 1080 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 10 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 21 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 16 to 18 | |
| 17 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 18 | |
| 17 to 21 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 6.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 15 | |
| 17 to 25 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.050 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 28 to 34 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 97 to 98.2 | |
| 0 to 2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 0.65 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.45 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 63 to 72 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.025 | |
| 0 to 0.024 |