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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 9

Both ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and ASTM A356 grade 9 are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 9.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150 to 180
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160 to 250
310
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230 to 350
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 480
440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 41
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.6
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.8
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
3.6
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
2.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
33
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
56

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 6.4
4.7
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 84 to 110
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 140 to 320
570
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
1.0 to 1.5
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
95.2 to 97.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0.5 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
0.9 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.2 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.2 to 0.35