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ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel vs. AWS E33-31

Both ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and AWS E33-31 are iron alloys. They have a modest 35% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel and the bottom bar is AWS E33-31.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Elongation at Break, % 21
29
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
81
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500 to 590
810

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 260
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1430
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.1
36
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
6.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 23
86
Embodied Water, L/kg 62
260

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 6.4
44
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18 to 21
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 20
24
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 17
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.050 to 0.15
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 2.8 to 3.3
31 to 35
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.4 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 94.4 to 96
24.7 to 34.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
2.5 to 4.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.9 to 1.1
1.0 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
30 to 32
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.3 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.025
0 to 0.010