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ASTM A414 Steel vs. 3104 Aluminum

ASTM A414 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3104 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A414 steel and the bottom bar is 3104 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
70
Elongation at Break, % 15 to 26
1.1 to 20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140 to 260
74 to 130
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 230 to 370
110 to 180
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 360 to 590
170 to 310
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 190 to 350
68 to 270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
180
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
650
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
600
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 49 to 50
160
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2 to 7.3
41
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3 to 8.4
130

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.2
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8 to 7.9
2.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5 to 1.6
8.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20 to 22
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 48
1180

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 69 to 130
1.6 to 60
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 100 to 330
34 to 540
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 13 to 21
17 to 31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 14 to 20
25 to 37
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
64
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11 to 17
7.6 to 13