ASTM A514 Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium
ASTM A514 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A514 steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 18 to 21 | |
| 9.0 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 540 | |
| 550 to 660 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 490 to 520 | |
| 550 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 790 to 830 | |
| 890 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 690 to 770 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 to 260 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 to 440 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 37 to 51 | |
| 7.5 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.3 to 3.8 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 to 7.9 | |
| 5.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.6 to 1.8 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 21 to 25 | |
| 490 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 48 to 57 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 140 to 170 | |
| 110 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1280 to 1590 | |
| 2760 to 5010 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 29 | |
| 46 to 69 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 25 | |
| 38 to 50 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 10 to 14 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 24 | |
| 66 to 100 |