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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. ACI-ASTM CD4MCu Steel

Both ASTM grade HD steel and ACI-ASTM CD4MCu steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 95% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is ACI-ASTM CD4MCu steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
200
Elongation at Break, % 9.1
18
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
340
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
79
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
770
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
550

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
300
Maximum Temperature: Corrosion, °C 460
450
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 1100
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
17
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
18
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
3.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
49
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
180

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 29
32
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 44
130
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180
760
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
4.5
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.040
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
24.5 to 26.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
2.8 to 3.3
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
59.9 to 66.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
1.8 to 2.3
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
4.8 to 6.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040