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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. AWS E240

Both ASTM grade HD steel and AWS E240 are iron alloys. They have 88% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is AWS E240.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
200
Elongation at Break, % 9.1
17
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
770

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
290
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1350
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
14
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
3.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
42
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
160

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 29
22
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
3.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.060
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
17 to 19
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.75
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
58.6 to 68.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
10.5 to 13.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 0.75
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
4.0 to 6.0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.1 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030