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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel

Both ASTM grade HD steel and SAE-AISI P21 steel are iron alloys. They have 70% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
1130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
7.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
9.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 17
6.5
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
37

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
0.18 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
0 to 0.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
1.1 to 1.3
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
92.1 to 94.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0.35 to 0.72
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
3.9 to 4.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0.2 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.25