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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. R30012 Cobalt

ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30012 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. They have a modest 33% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is R30012 cobalt.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
220
Elongation at Break, % 9.1
1.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
86
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
830
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
650

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1280
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
440
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
1.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
1.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.7
8.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
8.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
120
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
480

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 44
7.7
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180
960
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
26
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
3.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
23

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
1.4 to 2.0
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
27 to 32
Cobalt (Co), % 0
47.5 to 64.1
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
0 to 3.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
0 to 1.0
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
0 to 3.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Tungsten (W), % 0
7.5 to 9.5