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ASTM Grade HD Steel vs. R31233 Cobalt

ASTM grade HD steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R31233 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. They have a modest 36% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HD steel and the bottom bar is R31233 cobalt.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
220
Elongation at Break, % 9.1
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 140
220
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
85
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 590
1020
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 270
420

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1350
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1370
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
440
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 16
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 2.1
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.5
2.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.7
8.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.1
8.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 45
110
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
480

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 44
140
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180
410
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 26
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 21
33
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 20
26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 4.3
3.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
25

Alloy Composition

Boron (B), % 0
0 to 0.015
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.5
0.020 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 26 to 30
23.5 to 27.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
44.7 to 63.3
Iron (Fe), % 58.4 to 70
1.0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 1.5
0.1 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.5
4.0 to 6.0
Nickel (Ni), % 4.0 to 7.0
7.0 to 11
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.030 to 0.12
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 2.0
0.050 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.0 to 3.0