ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. Automotive Malleable Cast Iron
Both ASTM grade HL steel and automotive malleable cast iron are iron alloys. They have 49% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is automotive malleable cast iron.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 150 | |
| 130 to 290 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 180 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 1.0 to 10 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 70 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 350 to 720 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 220 to 590 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 260 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1410 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 14 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 27 | |
| 1.9 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.6 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 1.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 20 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 45 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 6.8 to 30 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 130 to 950 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 13 to 26 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 14 to 24 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 9.9 to 21 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 2.2 to 2.9 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 93.6 to 96.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.15 to 1.3 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0.020 to 0.15 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.9 to 1.9 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0.020 to 0.2 |