ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. C67400 Bronze
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C67400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is C67400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 22 to 28 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.31 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 41 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 480 to 610 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 250 to 370 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 190 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 1100 | |
| 130 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 890 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 870 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 21 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 27 | |
| 23 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 48 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 330 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 110 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 300 to 660 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 7.5 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 17 to 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 17 to 20 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 16 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 57 to 60 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 0 to 0.35 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 2.0 to 3.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 31.1 to 40 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |