ASTM Grade HL Steel vs. R30016 Cobalt
ASTM grade HL steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30016 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. They have a modest 36% of their average alloy composition in common, which, by itself, doesn't mean much. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM grade HL steel and the bottom bar is R30016 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 200 | |
| 220 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 8.4 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 | |
| 290 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.27 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 85 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 500 | |
| 1010 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 270 | |
| 580 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 320 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1360 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1340 | |
| 1270 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 490 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 17 | |
| 14 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 65 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 210 | |
| 500 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 48 | |
| 72 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 | |
| 770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 18 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 | |
| 24 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.2 to 0.6 | |
| 0.9 to 1.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 28 to 32 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 49.6 to 66.9 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 40.8 to 53.8 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 18 to 22 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 2.0 | |
| 0.2 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 5.5 |