AWS E240 vs. AWS E312

Both AWS E240 and AWS E312 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have 84% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E240 and the bottom bar is AWS E312.

AWS E240 (W32410) Weld Metal AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		17
Elongation at Break, %		25

Poisson's Ratio		0.28
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		77
Shear Modulus, GPa		80

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		770
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		290
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1390
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1350
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		14
Base Metal Price, % relative		20

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		42
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52

Embodied Water, L/kg		160
Embodied Water, L/kg		200

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		22
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		28
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.060
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15

Chromium (Cr), %		17 to 19
Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75

Iron (Fe), %		58.6 to 68.4
Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5

Manganese (Mn), %		10.5 to 13.5
Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75

Nickel (Ni), %		4.0 to 6.0
Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5

Nitrogen (N), %		0.1 to 0.3
Nitrogen (N), %		0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030