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AWS E2594 vs. AWS E16-8-2

Both AWS E2594 and AWS E16-8-2 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have 86% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E2594 and the bottom bar is AWS E16-8-2.

AWS E2594 (W39594) Weld Metal AWS E16-8-2 (W36810) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		17
Elongation at Break, %		40

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.28

Shear Modulus, GPa		81
Shear Modulus, GPa		77

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		850
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		620

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		300
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		280

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1400

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		470

Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K		16
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K		16

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS		2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS		2.4

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS		2.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS		2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		22
Base Metal Price, % relative		15

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		7.9

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		4.3
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.2

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		60
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		45

Embodied Water, L/kg		190
Embodied Water, L/kg		140

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		43
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		20

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		30
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		22

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		20

Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s		4.3
Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s		4.2

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		21
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.040
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.1

Chromium (Cr), %		24 to 27
Chromium (Cr), %		14.5 to 16.5

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75

Iron (Fe), %		53.8 to 63.8
Iron (Fe), %		68 to 76.5

Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		3.5 to 4.5
Molybdenum (Mo), %		1.0 to 2.0

Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), %		7.5 to 9.5

Nitrogen (N), %		0.2 to 0.3
Nitrogen (N), %		0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.030

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 0.6

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030