AWS E312 vs. ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel

Both AWS E312 and ASTM A387 grade 21 steel are iron alloys. They have 62% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel.

AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal ASTM A387 Grade 21 (K31545) 3Cr-1Mo Steel

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190

Elongation at Break, %		25
Elongation at Break, %		21

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.29

Shear Modulus, GPa		80
Shear Modulus, GPa		74

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		500 to 590

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		260

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1470

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1430

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		470

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		13

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		20
Base Metal Price, % relative		4.1

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		7.9

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		1.8

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		23

Embodied Water, L/kg		200
Embodied Water, L/kg		62

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		6.4

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		13

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		24

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		18 to 21

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		18 to 20

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		14 to 17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15
Carbon (C), %		0.050 to 0.15

Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32
Chromium (Cr), %		2.8 to 3.3

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		0

Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5
Iron (Fe), %		94.4 to 96

Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5
Manganese (Mn), %		0.3 to 0.6

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0.9 to 1.1

Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), %		0

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.025

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 0.5

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.025