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AWS E312 vs. ASTM Grade HK Steel

Both AWS E312 and ASTM grade HK steel are iron alloys. They have 88% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HK steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
200
Elongation at Break, % 25
11
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
79
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 740
500

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
310
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1350
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 15
17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 20
25
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.6
4.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 52
63
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
200

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 31
27
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
11

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0.2 to 0.6
Chromium (Cr), % 28 to 32
24 to 28
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.75
0
Iron (Fe), % 52.3 to 63.5
44.8 to 57.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 2.5
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.75
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10.5
18 to 22
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.040