AWS E312 vs. AWS E240

Both AWS E312 and AWS E240 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the as-welded condition. They have 84% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is AWS E240.

AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal AWS E240 (W32410) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		25
Elongation at Break, %		17

Poisson's Ratio		0.27
Poisson's Ratio		0.28

Shear Modulus, GPa		80
Shear Modulus, GPa		77

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		770

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		290

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1390

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1350

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		20
Base Metal Price, % relative		14

Density, g/cm³		7.7
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.0

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		42

Embodied Water, L/kg		200
Embodied Water, L/kg		160

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		22

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		28

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.060

Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32
Chromium (Cr), %		17 to 19

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75

Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5
Iron (Fe), %		58.6 to 68.4

Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5
Manganese (Mn), %		10.5 to 13.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75

Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), %		4.0 to 6.0

Nitrogen (N), %		0
Nitrogen (N), %		0.1 to 0.3

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030