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AWS E312 vs. Grade 18 Titanium

AWS E312 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 18 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 19 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (13, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is grade 18 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
110
Elongation at Break, % 25
11 to 17
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
40
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 740
690 to 980

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1590
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
550
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 15
9.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.7
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.6
41
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 52
670
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
270

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
43 to 61
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
39 to 49
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
47 to 67

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 28 to 32
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.75
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 52.3 to 63.5
0 to 0.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 2.5
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.75
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.15
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.040 to 0.080
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
92.5 to 95.5
Vanadium (V), % 0
2.0 to 3.0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4