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AWS E312 vs. Grade 4 Titanium

AWS E312 belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is grade 4 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
110
Elongation at Break, % 25
17
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.32
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
41
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 740
640

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
540
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 15
9.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 20
37
Density, g/cm3 7.7
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.6
31
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 52
500
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
110

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
37
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
46

Alloy Composition


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Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 28 to 32
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.75
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 52.3 to 63.5
0 to 0.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 2.5
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.75
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10.5
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.4
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
98.6 to 100
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4