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AWS E312 vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel

Both AWS E312 and SAE-AISI P21 steel are iron alloys. They have 63% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 19 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is AWS E312 and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.27
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 740
1130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 310
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1410
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1360
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 15
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 20
6.5
Density, g/cm3 7.7
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.6
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 52
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 15
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24
31
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18
37

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0.18 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 28 to 32
0 to 0.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
1.1 to 1.3
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.75
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 52.3 to 63.5
92.1 to 94.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 2.5
0.35 to 0.72
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.75
0
Nickel (Ni), % 8.0 to 10.5
3.9 to 4.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 1.0
0.2 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.25