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EN 1.1221 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4023 Steel

Both EN 1.1221 steel and SAE-AISI 4023 steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.1221 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4023 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 210 to 250
130
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 10 to 21
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 240 to 340
170
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 450 to 520
280
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 730 to 870
440
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390 to 550
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 48
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.3
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 67 to 130
86
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 410 to 800
140
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 26 to 31
16
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 23 to 26
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 28
14

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.57 to 0.65
0.2 to 0.25
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.4
0
Iron (Fe), % 97.1 to 98.8
98.1 to 98.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0 to 0.1
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.4
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.040