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EN 1.4931 Steel vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

Both EN 1.4931 steel and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the quenched and tempered condition. They have 87% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is EN 1.4931 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 240
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 200
190
Elongation at Break, % 17
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 410
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 76
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 810
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 620
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 600
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 24
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 14
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 9.8
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 11
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.5
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 2.9
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 42
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 130
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 29
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 25
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 6.5
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 22
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.2 to 0.26
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 11.3 to 12.2
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 83.2 to 86.8
96.8 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 0.8
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 1.0 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 1.0
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.4
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.035
Tungsten (W), % 0 to 0.5
0
Vanadium (V), % 0.25 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.3