Grade 12 Titanium vs. AISI 309 Stainless Steel
Grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AISI 309 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 12 titanium and the bottom bar is AISI 309 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 170 | |
| 180 to 210 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 34 to 47 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 280 | |
| 250 to 280 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 39 | |
| 78 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 330 | |
| 420 to 470 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 530 | |
| 600 to 710 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 410 | |
| 260 to 350 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 980 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1400 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.6 | |
| 15 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 2.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.6 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 19 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 3.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 51 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 170 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 | |
| 200 to 230 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 770 | |
| 170 to 310 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 21 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 20 to 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 4.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 37 | |
| 14 to 16 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 22 to 24 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 58 to 66 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 12 to 15 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.045 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.6 to 99.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |