Grade 12 Titanium vs. EN 1.0213 Steel
Grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.0213 steel belongs to the iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 12 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.0213 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 170 | |
| 92 to 120 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 12 to 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 280 | |
| 160 to 240 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 72 to 80 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 39 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 330 | |
| 230 to 270 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 530 | |
| 320 to 430 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 410 | |
| 220 to 330 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1430 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.6 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 6.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.6 | |
| 7.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 | |
| 33 to 98 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 770 | |
| 120 to 300 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 11 to 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 13 to 16 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 37 | |
| 10 to 14 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.060 to 0.1 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 99.245 to 99.67 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.45 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.6 to 99.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |