Grade 12 Titanium vs. EN 1.0214 Steel
Grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.0214 steel belongs to the iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 12 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.0214 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 170 | |
| 97 to 130 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 12 to 31 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 280 | |
| 160 to 250 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 66 to 80 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 39 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 330 | |
| 250 to 290 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 530 | |
| 330 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 410 | |
| 210 to 360 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.6 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 6.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.6 | |
| 7.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 | |
| 34 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 770 | |
| 120 to 340 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 12 to 16 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 14 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 37 | |
| 11 to 14 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.080 to 0.12 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 99.17 to 99.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.6 to 99.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |