Grade 12 Titanium vs. EN 1.0303 Steel
Grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.0303 steel belongs to the iron alloys.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 12 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.0303 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 170 | |
| 84 to 120 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
| 12 to 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 280 | |
| 150 to 230 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 75 to 86 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 39 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 330 | |
| 220 to 260 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 530 | |
| 290 to 410 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 410 | |
| 200 to 320 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1430 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 21 | |
| 53 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.6 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.3 | |
| 6.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.6 | |
| 7.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 | |
| 30 to 94 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 770 | |
| 110 to 270 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 32 | |
| 10 to 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 12 to 16 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 37 | |
| 9.2 to 13 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.060 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.020 to 0.060 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 99.335 to 99.71 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.4 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 97.6 to 99.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |