Grade 16 (R52402) Titanium
Grade 16 titanium is a titanium alloy formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. R52402 is the UNS number for this material. Additionally, the ASTM designation is Titanium Grade 16.
It has a moderately high thermal conductivity among wrought titaniums. In addition, it has a moderately high ductility and a moderately low tensile strength.
The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade 16 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
110 GPa 15 x 106 psi
Elongation at Break
23 %
Fatigue Strength
240 MPa 35 x 103 psi
Poisson's Ratio
0.32
Reduction in Area
34 %
Shear Modulus
38 GPa 5.5 x 106 psi
Shear Strength
250 MPa 37 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
400 MPa 58 x 103 psi
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
340 MPa 50 x 103 psi
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion
420 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
320 °C 600 °F
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1660 °C 3020 °F
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1610 °C 2930 °F
Specific Heat Capacity
540 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F
Thermal Conductivity
22 W/m-K 13 BTU/h-ft-°F
Thermal Expansion
9.2 µm/m-K
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
3.6 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
7.2 % IACS
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Density
4.5 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3
Embodied Carbon
36 kg CO2/kg material
Embodied Energy
600 MJ/kg 260 x 103 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
230 L/kg 27 gal/lb
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
86 MJ/m3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
550 kJ/m3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
35 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
25 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
27 points
Thermal Diffusivity
8.9 mm2/s
Thermal Shock Resistance
29 points
Alloy Composition
| Ti | 98.8 to 99.96 | |
| Fe | 0 to 0.3 | |
| O | 0 to 0.25 | |
| Pd | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| C | 0 to 0.080 | |
| N | 0 to 0.030 | |
| H | 0 to 0.015 | |
| res. | 0 to 0.4 |
All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.
Followup Questions
Similar Alloys
Further Reading
Titanium Alloys: Modelling of Microstructure, Properties, and Applications, Wei Sha and Savko Malinov, 2009
ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate
ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003
Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007
Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.