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Grade 2 (3.7035, R50400) Titanium

Grade 2 titanium is a titanium alloy formulated for primary forming into wrought products. Cited properties are appropriate for the annealed condition. 3.7035 is the EN numeric designation for this material. R50400 is the UNS number. Additionally, the ASTM designation is Titanium Grade 2.

This material is well established: the Further Reading section below cites a number of published standards, and that list is not necessarily exhaustive.

It has a moderately high thermal conductivity among wrought titaniums. In addition, it has a moderately high ductility and a moderately low embodied energy.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare grade 2 titanium to: wrought titaniums (top), all titanium alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

150

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

110 GPa 15 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

23 %

Fatigue Strength

250 MPa 36 x 103 psi

Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy

160 J 110 ft-lb

Poisson's Ratio

0.32

Reduction in Area

37 %

Shear Modulus

38 GPa 5.5 x 106 psi

Shear Strength

270 MPa 39 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

420 MPa 62 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

360 MPa 52 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

420 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

320 °C 600 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1660 °C 3020 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1610 °C 2930 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

540 J/kg-K 0.13 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

22 W/m-K 13 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

9.0 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

3.6 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

7.2 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

37 % relative

Density

4.5 g/cm3 280 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

31 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

510 MJ/kg 220 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

110 L/kg 13 gal/lb

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

92 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

600 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

13 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

35 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

26 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

28 points

Thermal Diffusivity

8.9 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

32 points

Alloy Composition

Titanium (Ti)Ti 98.9 to 100
Iron (Fe)Fe 0 to 0.3
Oxygen (O)O 0 to 0.25
Carbon (C)C 0 to 0.080
Nitrogen (N)N 0 to 0.030
Hydrogen (H)H 0 to 0.015
Residualsres. 0 to 0.4

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM F67: Standard Specification for Unalloyed Titanium, for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R50250, UNS R50400, UNS R50550, UNS R50700)

ISO 5832-2: Implants for surgery - Metallic materials - Part 2: Unalloyed titanium

ASTM B861: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe

ASTM B381: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings

ASTM B265: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate

ASTM B348: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets

Titanium and Titanium Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Christoph Leyens and Manfred Peters (editors), 2003

Titanium, 2nd ed., G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, 2007

Sintering of Advanced Materials: Fundamentals and Processes, Zhigang Zak Fang (editor), 2010

Environmental Degradation of Advanced and Traditional Engineering Materials, Lloyd H. Hihara et al., 2014.