Grade 18 Titanium vs. ASTM Grade HE Steel
Grade 18 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM grade HE steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 18 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HE steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 10 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 160 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 79 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 980 | |
| 670 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 810 | |
| 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1400 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1360 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 8.3 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.3 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.7 | |
| 2.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 41 | |
| 3.5 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 670 | |
| 50 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 270 | |
| 190 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 87 to 110 | |
| 56 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1380 to 3110 | |
| 240 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 61 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 49 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.4 | |
| 3.6 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 47 to 67 | |
| 14 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.2 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 53.9 to 65.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 8.0 to 11 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0.040 to 0.080 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.5 to 95.5 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |