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ASTM Grade HE (29Cr-9Ni, J93403) Cast Stainless Steel

ASTM grade HE steel is an austenitic stainless steel formulated for casting. Cited properties are appropriate for the as-fabricated (no temper or treatment) condition. HE is the ASTM designation for this material. J93403 is the UNS number. And 29Cr-9Ni is the common industry name.

It has a very high tensile strength among cast austenitic stainless steels. In addition, it has a moderately low embodied energy and a moderately low ductility.

The graph bars on the material properties cards below compare ASTM grade HE steel to: cast austenitic stainless steels (top), all iron alloys (middle), and the entire database (bottom). A full bar means this is the highest value in the relevant set. A half-full bar means it's 50% of the highest, and so on.

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness

190

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus

200 GPa 29 x 106 psi

Elongation at Break

10 %

Fatigue Strength

160 MPa 24 x 103 psi

Poisson's Ratio

0.27

Shear Modulus

79 GPa 12 x 106 psi

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)

670 MPa 97 x 103 psi

Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)

310 MPa 45 x 103 psi

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion

310 J/g

Maximum Temperature: Corrosion

450 °C 850 °F

Maximum Temperature: Mechanical

1100 °C 2010 °F

Melting Completion (Liquidus)

1400 °C 2560 °F

Melting Onset (Solidus)

1360 °C 2480 °F

Specific Heat Capacity

490 J/kg-K 0.12 BTU/lb-°F

Thermal Conductivity

14 W/m-K 7.9 BTU/h-ft-°F

Thermal Expansion

17 µm/m-K

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume

2.1 % IACS

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)

2.5 % IACS

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price

19 % relative

Density

7.7 g/cm3 480 lb/ft3

Embodied Carbon

3.5 kg CO2/kg material

Embodied Energy

50 MJ/kg 22 x 103 BTU/lb

Embodied Water

190 L/kg 22 gal/lb

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)

29

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)

56 MJ/m3

Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)

240 kJ/m3

Stiffness to Weight: Axial

15 points

Stiffness to Weight: Bending

25 points

Strength to Weight: Axial

24 points

Strength to Weight: Bending

22 points

Thermal Diffusivity

3.6 mm2/s

Thermal Shock Resistance

14 points

Alloy Composition

Among cast stainless steels, the composition of ASTM grade HE steel is notable for containing a comparatively high amount of chromium (Cr). Chromium is the defining alloying element of stainless steel. Higher chromium content imparts additional corrosion resistance.

Iron (Fe)Fe 53.9 to 65.8
Chromium (Cr)Cr 26 to 30
Nickel (Ni)Ni 8.0 to 11
Manganese (Mn)Mn 0 to 2.0
Silicon (Si)Si 0 to 2.0
Carbon (C)C 0.2 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo)Mo 0 to 0.5
Phosphorus (P)P 0 to 0.040
Sulfur (S)S 0 to 0.040

All values are % weight. Ranges represent what is permitted under applicable standards.

Followup Questions

Similar Alloys

Further Reading

ASTM A297: Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application

Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels, John C. Lippold and Damian J. Kotecki, 2005

Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels: Mechanism, Mitigation and Monitoring, H. S. Khatak and B. Raj (editors), 2002

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties, P. Marshall, 1984

Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High Performance Alloys, ASM Handbook vol. 1, ASM International, 1993

ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels, J. R. Davis (editor), 1994

CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 4th ed., James F. Shackelford et al. (editors), 2015