Grade 2 Titanium vs. Grade 4 Titanium
Both grade 2 titanium and grade 4 titanium are titanium alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 2 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 4 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 150 | |
| 200 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 250 | |
| 340 |
| Impact Strength: V-Notched Charpy, J | 160 | |
| 23 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 37 | |
| 28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 38 | |
| 41 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 420 | |
| 640 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 360 | |
| 530 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 22 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.0 | |
| 9.4 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.6 | |
| 3.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.2 | |
| 6.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 510 | |
| 500 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 110 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 92 | |
| 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 600 | |
| 1330 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 26 | |
| 40 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 28 | |
| 37 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.9 | |
| 7.6 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 32 | |
| 46 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.9 to 100 | |
| 98.6 to 100 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |