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Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A182 Grade F23

Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A182 grade F23 belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A182 grade F23.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 140
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.0 to 17
22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 550 to 660
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 22
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 51
74
Shear Strength, MPa 550 to 790
360
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 890 to 1340
570
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 870 to 1170
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 310
450
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1740
1500
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1690
1450
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 500
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 7.5
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 7.1
13

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 60
7.0
Density, g/cm3 5.4
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 32
2.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 490
36
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
59

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110 to 180
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2760 to 5010
550
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 32
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 46 to 69
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 38 to 50
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 2.8
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 66 to 100
17

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0 to 0.030
Boron (B), % 0
0.0010 to 0.0060
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.050
0.040 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0
1.9 to 2.6
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
93.2 to 96.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.1 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 14 to 16
0.050 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.4
Niobium (Nb), % 2.2 to 3.2
0.020 to 0.080
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.015
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.17
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.25
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.010
Titanium (Ti), % 76 to 81.2
0.0050 to 0.060
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.5 to 1.8
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0