Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A216 Cast Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A216 cast steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A216 cast steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 25 to 27 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 170 to 230 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 39 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 72 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 500 to 570 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 230 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1450 to 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 49 to 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 45 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 110 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 140 to 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 18 to 20 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 13 to 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 16 to 18 |