Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A217 Cast Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A217 cast steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A217 cast steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 21 to 27 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 200 to 320 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 to 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 39 to 50 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 73 to 75 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 540 to 710 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 270 to 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 to 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 410 to 600 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1450 to 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1410 to 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 26 to 50 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 2.4 to 7.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.5 to 2.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 20 to 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 47 to 87 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 110 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 190 to 570 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 to 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 19 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 19 to 23 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 6.9 to 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 16 to 20 |