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Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A387 Grade 9 Steel

Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A387 grade 9 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 9 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 140
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.0 to 17
20 to 21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 550 to 660
160 to 240
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 51
75
Shear Strength, MPa 550 to 790
310 to 380
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 890 to 1340
500 to 600
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 870 to 1170
230 to 350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 310
600
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1740
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1690
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 500
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 7.5
26
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 7.1
13

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 60
6.5
Density, g/cm3 5.4
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 32
2.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 490
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
87

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110 to 180
83 to 110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2760 to 5010
140 to 310
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 32
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 46 to 69
18 to 21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 38 to 50
18 to 20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 2.8
6.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 66 to 100
14 to 17

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0
8.0 to 10
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
87.1 to 90.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 14 to 16
0.9 to 1.1
Niobium (Nb), % 2.2 to 3.2
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.17
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.25
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.025
Titanium (Ti), % 76 to 81.2
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 0.040
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0

Comparable Variants