Grade 21 Titanium vs. ASTM A732 Cast Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A732 cast steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A732 cast steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 4.0 to 25 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 230 to 750 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 72 to 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 460 to 1470 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 310 to 1340 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 to 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 400 to 430 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1440 to 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1400 to 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 to 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 39 to 50 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 2.0 to 3.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.8 to 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.4 to 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 19 to 24 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 47 to 54 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 45 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 260 to 4770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 16 to 52 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 17 to 37 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 10 to 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 14 to 43 |