Grade 21 Titanium vs. Austempered Cast Iron
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while austempered cast iron belongs to the iron alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is austempered cast iron.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 180 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 1.1 to 13 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 62 to 69 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 860 to 1800 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 560 to 1460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 280 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1380 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1340 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 42 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 2.9 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 25 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 48 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 19 to 95 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 880 to 3970 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 32 to 66 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 27 to 44 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 25 to 53 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Arsenic (As), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 3.4 to 3.8 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 89.6 to 94 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.3 to 0.4 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Selenium (Se), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 2.3 to 2.7 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |