Grade 21 Titanium vs. EN 1.3532 Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.3532 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.3532 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 700 to 1420 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 440 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 46 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 5.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 25 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 60 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 25 to 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 22 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 21 to 42 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0.14 to 0.18 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 1.4 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 92.6 to 94.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.55 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0.2 to 0.3 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 3.8 to 4.3 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.0020 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |