Grade 21 Titanium vs. EN 1.4945 Stainless Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.4945 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.4945 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 19 to 34 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 230 to 350 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 430 to 460 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 640 to 740 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 290 to 550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 920 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1490 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1440 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 17 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 8.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 5.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 73 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 130 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 210 to 760 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 22 to 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 20 to 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 3.7 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 14 to 16 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0.040 to 0.1 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 15.5 to 17.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 57.9 to 65.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 15.5 to 17.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0.4 to 1.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0.060 to 0.14 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0.3 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |