Grade 21 Titanium vs. EN 2.4878 Nickel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 2.4878 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 2.4878 nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 13 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 400 to 410 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 78 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 750 to 760 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 1210 to 1250 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 740 to 780 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 330 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 1030 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1370 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1320 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 460 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 80 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 8.3 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 10 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 150 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 1370 to 1540 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 41 to 42 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 37 to 39 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 1.2 to 1.6 |
| Boron (B), % | 0 | |
| 0.010 to 0.015 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0.030 to 0.070 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 23 to 25 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 19 to 21 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 43.6 to 52.2 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.0070 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 2.8 to 3.2 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0.030 to 0.070 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |