Grade 21 Titanium vs. Grade 28 Titanium
Both grade 21 titanium and grade 28 titanium are titanium alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 28 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 330 to 480 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 420 to 590 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 690 to 980 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 540 to 810 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 330 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1590 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 550 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 9.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 37 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 370 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 87 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 1370 to 3100 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 43 to 61 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 39 to 49 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 3.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 47 to 66 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0 | |
| 0.080 to 0.14 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 92.4 to 95.4 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 3.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |