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Grade 21 Titanium vs. Grade 31 Titanium

Both grade 21 titanium and grade 31 titanium are titanium alloys. They have 79% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 31 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 140
110
Elongation at Break, % 9.0 to 17
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 550 to 660
300
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.32
Reduction in Area, % 22
34
Shear Modulus, GPa 51
41
Shear Strength, MPa 550 to 790
320
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 890 to 1340
510
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 870 to 1170
450

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 310
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1740
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1690
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 500
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 7.5
21
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 7.1
8.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 5.4
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 32
36
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 490
600
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
230

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110 to 180
99
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2760 to 5010
940
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 32
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 46 to 69
32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 38 to 50
32
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 2.8
8.5
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 66 to 100
39

Alloy Composition


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Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.080
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0.2 to 0.8
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
0 to 0.3
Molybdenum (Mo), % 14 to 16
0
Niobium (Nb), % 2.2 to 3.2
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.17
0 to 0.35
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.040 to 0.080
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Titanium (Ti), % 76 to 81.2
97.9 to 99.76
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0 to 0.4