Grade 21 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1146 Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1146 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1146 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
190 |
Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
13 to 17 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
240 to 400 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
0.29 |
Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
40 to 45 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
72 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
410 to 440 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
670 to 730 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
360 to 630 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
250 |
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
400 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
1460 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
1420 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
470 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
51 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
13 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
1.8 |
Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
7.8 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
1.4 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
18 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
46 |
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
93 to 97 |
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
340 to 1050 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
13 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
24 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
24 to 26 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
22 to 23 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
14 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
20 to 22 |
Alloy Composition
Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
0 |
Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
0.42 to 0.49 |
Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
0 |
Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
98.3 to 98.8 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
0.7 to 1.0 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
0 |
Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
0 |
Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
0 |
Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
0 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.040 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
0 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
0.080 to 0.13 |
Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
0 |
Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
0 |