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Grade 21 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1541 Steel

Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1541 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1541 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 140
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.0 to 17
11 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 550 to 660
260 to 420
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 22
34 to 51
Shear Modulus, GPa 51
73
Shear Strength, MPa 550 to 790
440 to 480
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 890 to 1340
720 to 790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 870 to 1170
390 to 680

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 310
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1740
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1690
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 500
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 7.5
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 7.1
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 60
1.9
Density, g/cm3 5.4
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 32
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 490
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 180
48

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110 to 180
78 to 100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 2760 to 5010
410 to 1250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 32
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 46 to 69
25 to 28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 38 to 50
23 to 24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 2.8
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 66 to 100
23 to 25

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.050
0.36 to 0.44
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.4
97.8 to 98.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0
1.4 to 1.7
Molybdenum (Mo), % 14 to 16
0
Niobium (Nb), % 2.2 to 3.2
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.17
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 76 to 81.2
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0

Comparable Variants