Grade 21 Titanium vs. C40500 Penny Bronze
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while C40500 penny bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is C40500 penny bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 3.0 to 49 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 43 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 210 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 270 to 540 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 79 to 520 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 190 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1060 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1020 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 160 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 18 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 30 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 2.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 43 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 320 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 16 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2760 to 5010 | |
| 28 to 1200 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 7.2 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 8.5 to 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 10 to 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.8 | |
| 48 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 9.5 to 19 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 94 to 96 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.3 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 2.1 to 5.3 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |