Grade 21 Titanium vs. S45500 Stainless Steel
Grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while S45500 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 21 titanium and the bottom bar is S45500 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 140 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.0 to 17 | |
| 3.4 to 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 550 to 660 | |
| 570 to 890 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 22 | |
| 34 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 51 | |
| 75 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 550 to 790 | |
| 790 to 1090 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 890 to 1340 | |
| 1370 to 1850 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 870 to 1170 | |
| 1240 to 1700 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 760 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1740 | |
| 1440 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1690 | |
| 1400 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 500 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 60 | |
| 17 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 5.4 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 3.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 490 | |
| 57 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 to 180 | |
| 45 to 190 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 32 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 46 to 69 | |
| 48 to 65 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 38 to 50 | |
| 35 to 42 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 66 to 100 | |
| 48 to 64 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 12.5 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 1.5 to 2.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 71.5 to 79.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 14 to 16 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 7.5 to 9.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 2.2 to 3.2 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.17 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Tantalum (Ta), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 76 to 81.2 | |
| 0.8 to 1.4 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |