Grade 23 Titanium vs. AISI 420 Stainless Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AISI 420 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is AISI 420 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 8.0 to 15 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 220 to 670 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 420 to 1010 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 690 to 1720 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 380 to 1310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 620 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1510 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1450 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 27 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 10 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 3.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 3.5 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 7.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 2.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 28 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 88 to 130 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 380 to 4410 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 25 to 62 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 22 to 41 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 7.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 25 to 62 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.15 to 0.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 12 to 14 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 82.3 to 87.9 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |