Grade 23 Titanium vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel
Grade 23 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AISI 431 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 23 titanium and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 6.7 to 11 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 470 to 500 | |
| 430 to 610 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Rockwell C Hardness | 32 | |
| 26 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 540 to 570 | |
| 550 to 840 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 930 to 940 | |
| 890 to 1380 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 850 to 870 | |
| 710 to 1040 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 340 | |
| 850 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1510 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1450 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 560 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.1 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 2.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.0 | |
| 3.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 9.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.4 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 38 | |
| 2.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 610 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 200 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 61 to 100 | |
| 140 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 3430 to 3560 | |
| 1270 to 2770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 58 to 59 | |
| 32 to 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 27 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 2.9 | |
| 7.0 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 67 to 68 | |
| 28 to 43 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 5.5 to 6.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.013 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 78.2 to 83.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 91 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 3.5 to 4.5 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |